Azerbaycan’\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Bak\u00fc’de 11 Kas\u0131m’da ba\u015flayan COP29, 22 Kas\u0131m’daki kapan\u0131\u015f oturumunda m\u00fczakerelerin uzamas\u0131 \u00fczerine d\u00fcn gecikmeli sona erdi. Bak\u00fc Olimpiyat Stadyumu’nun i\u00e7inde ve \u00e7evresinde kurulan ge\u00e7ici alanlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen konferansa 196 \u00fclkeden 76 bin ki\u015fi kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130klim finansman\u0131na odaklan\u0131lan COP29’da geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere sa\u011flanan y\u0131ll\u0131k 100 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir \u00f6nceki finansman tutar\u0131n\u0131n 2035’e kadar y\u0131ll\u0131k 300 milyar dolara \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Kamu ve \u00f6zel kaynaklardan sa\u011flanacak finansman\u0131n, 2035’e kadar y\u0131ll\u0131k 1,3 trilyon dolara ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm akt\u00f6rlerin i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama noktas\u0131nda anla\u015fmaya var\u0131ld\u0131. COP29’da neredeyse 10 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve ge\u00e7en iki haftal\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7teki geli\u015fmeler dahilinde \u00fclkeler, Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda karbon piyasalar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l i\u015fleyece\u011fine dair son ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atarak anla\u015fmaya vard\u0131 ve \u00fclke baz\u0131nda ticaretin ve karbon kredisi mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n tamamen i\u015flevsel hale gelmesi sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
COP29 s\u00fcrecini ve al\u0131nan kararlar\u0131 AA muhabirine de\u011ferlendiren Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve Politikalar\u0131 Uygulama ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Prof. Dr. Levent Kurnaz, konferans\u0131n finans ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ele al\u0131nan konular \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
“AB ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131” <\/b><\/p>\n
Kurnaz, daha \u00f6nce geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere verilmesi planlanan y\u0131ll\u0131k 100 milyar dolarl\u0131k finansman\u0131n finans kavgas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc dile getirdi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
“Geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler, y\u0131lda 1,3 trilyon dolar\u0131n laz\u0131m oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bu rakam, BM’nin belirledi\u011fi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ekonomist grubu taraf\u0131ndan tespit edildi.” diyen Kurnaz, s\u00f6zlerini \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc:<\/p>\n
“Onlar, kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na bu 1,3 trilyon dolar laf\u0131n\u0131 uydurmuyorlar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla arada korkun\u00e7 bir fark var. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler, ‘1992’de biz bu anla\u015fmay\u0131 yaparken K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleri aradan ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015flar, sonra \u00c7in de art\u0131k \u00e7ok geli\u015fti, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu finansa K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleriyle \u00c7in’in de katk\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 gerekiyor.’ diyor ancak di\u011fer \u00fclkeler, ‘Hay\u0131r, anla\u015fma anla\u015fmad\u0131r. Biz neye anla\u015ft\u0131ysak o.’ diyerek kendisini savunuyor. Bu noktada biraz AB ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131 yani 300 milyarl\u0131k dolarl\u0131k destek 2026’dan ba\u015flayarak 2035’e kadar kademeli artacak gibi bir \u015fey \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ki bu da iklim finansman\u0131 i\u00e7in tamamen yeterli de\u011fil.”<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Bir di\u011fer tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, \u00c7in’in AB taraf\u0131ndan getirilen Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131’n\u0131n COP29’da konu\u015fulmas\u0131 talebinin g\u00fcndeme al\u0131nmamas\u0131yla ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden Kurnaz, ayr\u0131ca ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Dubai’de fosil yak\u0131tlardan uzakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 noktas\u0131nda al\u0131nan karar sonras\u0131, Bak\u00fc’de fosil yak\u0131t kelimesinin bile ge\u00e7medi\u011fi bir anla\u015fman\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerden karbon sat\u0131n almas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn kurallar konularak a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisini veren Kurnaz, \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
“A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 AB finansal olarak ne istiyorsa onlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplant\u0131 oldu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc AB’nin bu toplant\u0131da korkun\u00e7 bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131 ve geri kalanlar AB kadar toplant\u0131n\u0131n bilincinde ve pe\u015finde de\u011fillerdi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla AB de Azerbaycan’a yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak bast\u0131rd\u0131 ve istediklerini ald\u0131. Bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 iki taraftan de\u011ferlendirmekte fayda var. T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bakacak olursak bizi \u00e7ok fazla ilgilendiren bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 yok a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 ama d\u00fcnya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek olursak \u00f6yle bir COP ki burada fosil yak\u0131t, karbondioksit azalt\u0131m\u0131 do\u011fru d\u00fcr\u00fcst konu\u015fulmad\u0131. Tek konu\u015fulan \u015fey parayd\u0131 ki o para da gerekli seviyenin \u00e7ok alt\u0131nda konu\u015fuldu. T\u00fcrkiye olarak gittik, g\u00f6rd\u00fck, nas\u0131l yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z konusunda bir fikir sahibi olduk. COP31’i alabilir miyiz? Emin de\u011filim yani burada bir s\u00fcrprizle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131k. Beklentilerimizde oldu\u011fu gibi bu da havanda su d\u00f6v\u00fclen bir COP oldu. Zaten bir \u015fey bekliyor muyduk? Hay\u0131r. Bir \u015fey \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 m\u0131? Hay\u0131r.”<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\u00dclkeler, finansal \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lardan memnun de\u011fil <\/b><\/p>\n
Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve Politikalar\u0131 Uygulama ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Murat T\u00fcrke\u015f de a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131ndan en fazla etkilenen az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin, iklim finansman\u0131n\u0131 yetersiz ve ge\u00e7 gelen bir karar \u015feklinde yorumlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve COP29’da k\u00fcresel uyum fonunun hayata ge\u00e7irilemedi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Kay\u0131p ve Zarar Fonu ile ilgili kesin uzla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan T\u00fcrke\u015f, \u015fu de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulundu:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
“Kay\u0131p ve Zarar Fonu alt\u0131ndaki finans projeleri 2025’te ba\u015flayacak. Ayn\u0131 zamanda 2025, Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n ikinci y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin ikinci g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi yani seneye ertelenmi\u015f oldu. Kaynaklara g\u00f6re bug\u00fcne kadar toplam finans deste\u011fi 730 milyon dolara \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Bu da \u00f6zellikle geli\u015fmekte olan ve az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan yeterli bulunmuyor. Hi\u00e7biri konusunda bir memnuniyet yok. COP29, biraz para odakl\u0131 oldu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere dayal\u0131 bir k\u00fcresel anla\u015fma oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerin deste\u011fi bekleniyor. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi m\u00fccadelesi, uyum, etkiler konusunda finansmana a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verildi ama as\u0131l olarak Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi m\u00fccadelesinde \u00f6zellikle sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, yenilenebilir enerji, ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme ge\u00e7me, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve fosil yak\u0131tlardan uzakla\u015fma konusunda yeni bir ilerleme sa\u011flanamad\u0131.”<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin hem finansman hem de iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadelede yeterli samimiyeti ortaya koymad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck alma noktas\u0131nda teredd\u00fct etti\u011fine dikkati \u00e7eken T\u00fcrke\u015f, COP29’da al\u0131nan kararlar\u0131n iklim kriziyle m\u00fccadeleyi h\u0131zland\u0131racak boyutta olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yorumunu yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130klim finansman\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi gerekti\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen T\u00fcrke\u015f, \u015funlar\u0131 dile getirdi:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
“2030’a 6 y\u0131l kald\u0131. Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n 2030’a kadar karbondioksit sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 en az y\u00fczde 45 azalt\u0131m hedefi ancak y\u00fczde 3 d\u00fczeyinde ba\u015far\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda ve 1,5 santigrat derece k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma e\u015fi\u011fi a\u015f\u0131lmak \u00fczere ki zaten son 2 y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00e7e\u015fitli mevsimlerde, aylarda sanayi d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re bu a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla aral\u0131kta inan\u0131lmaz so\u011fuk bir d\u00fcnya ya\u015fanmazsa 2024, tarihsel kay\u0131tlardaki Sanayi D\u00f6nemi’ne g\u00f6re hem en s\u0131cak y\u0131l hem 1,5 santigrat derece e\u015fi\u011finin mutlak a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir y\u0131l olacak. Emisyon ticareti ve onun hayata ge\u00e7ti\u011fi karbon piyasas\u0131 ya da karbon pazarlar\u0131, bu sistemi k\u0131smen ayakta tutabilmenin kapitalist finans d\u00fczeneklerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 ki benzerleri Kyoto Protokol\u00fc’nde de vard\u0131 fakat biz buna ‘s\u0131cak hava’ diyoruz. Bu, k\u00fcresel sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131nda do\u011frudan bir azalt\u0131ma yol a\u00e7m\u0131yor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bunun do\u011frudan iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi m\u00fccadelesine net bir katk\u0131s\u0131 yok.”<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
“2030’a kadar 3 ila 3,5 trilyon dolarl\u0131k harcama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor” <\/b><\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi \u0130\u015fletme Fak\u00fcltesi Ekonomi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Erhan Aslano\u011flu, COP29’un \u00f6nceki konferanslarda oldu\u011fu gibi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin ihtiyac\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck rakamlarda kalan bir noktada sona erdi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n
Bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 2030’a kadar 3 ila 3,5 trilyon dolarl\u0131k harcama yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere verilmesi planlanan 300 milyar dolar ve 2035 sonras\u0131 rakam\u0131n, ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan finansman\u0131n \u00e7ok alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret eden Aslano\u011flu, “D\u00fcnyan\u0131n askeri harcamalara yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u0131lda 3 trilyon dolar harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda iklim i\u00e7in bu kayna\u011f\u0131n bulunamamas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n gelece\u011fi s\u00f6z konusu. O y\u00fczden genel anlamda ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatindeyim.” g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc payla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Baz\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n toplant\u0131y\u0131 terk etmelerini ve b\u00f6ylesine \u00f6nemli bir konuda hala \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir noktada bulunulmas\u0131n\u0131 son derece s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir durum olarak nitelendiren Aslano\u011flu, iklim finansman\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkelerin hem yeni ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 hem de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan zararlar\u0131n telafisi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok acil ihtiya\u00e7lar oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Karbon piyasas\u0131yla ilgili geli\u015fmelerin h\u0131zl\u0131 ilerleyebilece\u011fini ancak bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n as\u0131l sorunu gidermekten ziyade mevcut gidi\u015fat\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatmaya y\u00f6nelik bir \u00e7aba gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kaydeden Aslano\u011flu, “D\u00fcnyan\u0131n enerji \u00fcretim bi\u00e7iminde ve fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131lmas\u0131nda ya\u015fanan zaman kayb\u0131, fosil yak\u0131t \u00fcretimi yapan \u00fclkelerin avantaj\u0131n\u0131 korumaya devam etmelerine olanak sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde s\u00fcrebilir.” dedi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kaynak :\u00a0Bloomberg HT<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Uzmanlar, iklim finansman\u0131 oda\u011f\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi 29. Taraflar Konferans\u0131’nda (COP29) var\u0131lan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n, k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadele \u00e7abalar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar sunmayaca\u011f\u0131 ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin duydu\u011fu finansman ihtiyac\u0131na yan\u0131t olmayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc payla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":103324,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[521,4527,1567,136,305],"class_list":["post-103323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","tag-anlasma","tag-cikti","tag-finans","tag-karbon","tag-ulke"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103323","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103323"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":103325,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103323\/revisions\/103325"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/103324"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=103323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=103323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}