{"id":116788,"date":"2026-01-06T00:24:09","date_gmt":"2026-01-06T00:24:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/?p=116788"},"modified":"2026-01-06T00:24:09","modified_gmt":"2026-01-06T00:24:09","slug":"venezuela-ile-abdli-petrol-sirketleri-arasinda-tazminat-krizi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/2026\/01\/06\/venezuela-ile-abdli-petrol-sirketleri-arasinda-tazminat-krizi\/","title":{"rendered":"Venezuela ile ABD’li petrol \u015firketleri aras\u0131nda tazminat krizi"},"content":{"rendered":"

ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump’\u0131n “petrol \u00e7almakla” su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Venezuela, petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn millile\u015ftirilmesiyle ba\u015flayan yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 y\u0131l zarf\u0131nda ABD’li \u015firketlere milyarlarca dolar \u00f6deme yapsa da \u00f6dedi\u011fi tazminatlar Amerikal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yeterli bulunmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Washington Post’un haberine g\u00f6re, Venezuela’da 1908’den 1935’e kadar \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6neten Juan Vicente Gomez, \u00fc\u00e7 yabanc\u0131 petrol \u015firketine Venezuela pazar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 98’ini kontrol etme hakk\u0131 veren imtiyazlar verdi.<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nem, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci petrol \u00fcreticisi ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 haline gelen Venezuela’da petrol, \u00fclkenin toplam ihracat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 90’\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyordu.<\/p>\n

Ancak Gomez’in halefleri, \u00fclkenin ekonomisi \u00fczerinde daha fazla s\u00f6z hakk\u0131na sahip olmak istedi. Eski Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Isaias Medina Angarita d\u00f6neminde, 1943’te yabanc\u0131 petrol firmalar\u0131n\u0131n elde ettikleri kar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmete vermelerini gerektiren bir yasa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ard\u0131ndan, Venezuela’da o d\u00f6nem ABD’li Exxon ve Mobil gibi y\u00fczlerce \u00f6zel ve yabanc\u0131 firman\u0131n i\u015fletti\u011fi petrol rezervlerini 1976’da millile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in petrol\u00fcn arama, \u00fcretim, rafinaj ve ihracat\u0131n\u0131 devlete ait petrol \u015firketi Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) devrald\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Venezuela’da Hugo Chavez’in devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilmesinin ard\u0131ndan 2007’den itibaren devletin petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki pay\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump, 18 Aral\u0131k 2025’te Venezuela’ya ili\u015fkin, “T\u00fcm enerji haklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 elimizden ald\u0131lar. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce t\u00fcm petrol\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak ald\u0131lar.” ifadelerini kullansa da Venezuela’da petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn millile\u015ftirilmesi, y\u00f6netimin on y\u0131llar s\u00fcren \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Yabanc\u0131 firmalar\u0131n tazminat aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 <\/b><\/p>\n

Venezuela’daki millile\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinden, 1999’da birle\u015fen ABD’li petrol firmalar\u0131 Exxon ve Mobil’in yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 1984’te Chevron ad\u0131n\u0131 alan Gulf Oil firmas\u0131 ve Hollanda merkezli Shell olumsuz etkilendi.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6nemin gazetelerine g\u00f6re, Venezuela’da ham petrol \u00fcretiminin y\u00fczde 70’inden fazlas\u0131ndan sorumlu olan bu firmalar, yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 milyar dolar kaybetti ancak her birine 1 milyar dolar tazminat \u00f6dendi.<\/p>\n

Millile\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinde ExxonMobil ve ConocoPhillips firmalar\u0131 yeni s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmedi ve tahkim yoluyla yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 milyar dolar tazminat talep etti.<\/p>\n

Chevron ve \u0130spanya merkezli Repsol gibi firmalar ise yeni anla\u015fmalarla Venezuela’da kald\u0131. Chevron, Venezuela’da faaliyetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye devam eden tek ABD’li \u015firket oldu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Ard\u0131ndan, Uluslararas\u0131 Ticaret Odas\u0131, 2012’de ExxonMobil’e 908 milyon dolar ve 2018’de ConocoPhillips’e 2 milyar dolar tazminat \u00f6denmesine karar verdi. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131m Anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi Merkezi, 2014’te ExxonMobil’e 1,6 milyar dolar ve 2019’da ConocoPhillips’e 8,7 milyar dolar tazminat \u00f6denmesine karar verdi.<\/p>\n

Hiper enflasyon ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar nedeniyle ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7eken Venezuela hen\u00fcz bu tazminatlar\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demedi.<\/p>\n

Ekonomist Rodriguez’e g\u00f6re Trump’\u0131n iddias\u0131 “as\u0131ls\u0131z” <\/b><\/p>\n

ABD’deki Denver \u00dcniversitesinden Venezuelal\u0131 ekonomist Francisco Rodriguez, konuya ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda, “Trump’\u0131n Venezuela’n\u0131n ABD’den petrol ve toprak \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 as\u0131ls\u0131z.” ifadesini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

O d\u00f6nem ABD’nin de Venezuela’da \u00fcretimin \u00e7\u00f6kmesinden ziyade \u00fclkenin nispeten ucuz petrol tedarik\u00e7isi olmas\u0131n\u0131 tercih etti\u011fini ifade eden Rodriguez, Venezuela tazminatlar\u0131 \u00f6derken ABD’nin “yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131yla bu \u00f6demeyi zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fclkeyi kendilerinden bir \u015fey \u00e7almakla su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131” belirtti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kaynak :\u00a0Bloomberg HT<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump’\u0131n “petrol \u00e7almakla” su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Venezuela, petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn millile\u015ftirilmesiyle ba\u015flayan yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 y\u0131l zarf\u0131nda ABD’li \u015firketlere milyarlarca dolar \u00f6deme yapsa da \u00f6dedi\u011fi tazminatlar Amerikal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yeterli bulunmad\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":116789,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[433,4576,548,5993,3783],"class_list":["post-116788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","tag-abd","tag-firmalar","tag-petrol","tag-tazminat","tag-venezuela"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116788","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=116788"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116788\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":116790,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116788\/revisions\/116790"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/116789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=116788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=116788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=116788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}