{"id":59148,"date":"2024-07-11T01:00:06","date_gmt":"2024-07-11T01:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/?p=59148"},"modified":"2024-07-11T01:00:06","modified_gmt":"2024-07-11T01:00:06","slug":"dunyanin-en-buyuk-fuzyon-reaktoru-iterde-karmasik-miknatis-sistemi-kuruldu-iste-detaylar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/2024\/07\/11\/dunyanin-en-buyuk-fuzyon-reaktoru-iterde-karmasik-miknatis-sistemi-kuruldu-iste-detaylar\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck f\u00fczyon reakt\u00f6r\u00fc ITER\u2019de karma\u015f\u0131k m\u0131knat\u0131s sistemi kuruldu: \u0130\u015fte detaylar"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/span> \u00dc\u00e7 k\u0131tada yirmi y\u0131l s\u00fcren tasar\u0131m, \u00fcretim, imalat ve montaj\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, tarihi, \u00e7ok uluslu ITER<\/strong> f\u00fczyon enerjisi projesi devasa toroidal bobinlerine kavu\u015ftu. \u0130nan\u0131lma b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki ve son derece karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131daki m\u0131knat\u0131s sistemi<\/strong>, f\u00fczyon reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn manyetik alan\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturacak. Bu manyetik alan, D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n manyetik alan\u0131ndan 250 bin kat daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olacak. <\/figure>\n

ITER i\u00e7in m\u0131knat\u0131slar tamam<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7ok uluslu ITER f\u00fczyon enerjisi projesi reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00e7ekirde\u011fini in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in gereken \u00f6zel m\u0131knat\u0131slar\u0131n G\u00fcney Fransa’ya teslim edilmesiyle kritik bir noktaya ula\u015ft\u0131. On dokuz devasa toroidal bobinden olu\u015fan dev m\u0131knat\u0131slar G\u00fcne\u015f’e ve y\u0131ld\u0131zlara g\u00fc\u00e7 veren s\u00fcreci taklit etmek ve plazmay\u0131 hapsetmek i\u00e7in<\/strong> kullan\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n

<\/span> ITER, insanl\u0131k tarihinin en \u00f6nemli projelerinden birisi -belki de \u015fimdiye kadarki en karma\u015f\u0131k<\/strong> puzzel<\/strong>. Avrupa Birli\u011fi, \u00c7in, Hindistan, Japonya, Kore, Rusya ve ABD\u2019nin ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 projedeMitsubishi Heavy Industries, ASG Superconductors, Toshiba Energy Systems, SIMIC, CNIM ve daha pek \u00e7ok \u015firket yer al\u0131yor. <\/figure>\n
<\/span> Projenin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli par\u00e7alardan olan D-\u015fekilli toroidal m\u0131knat\u0131slar, tokamak<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen \u00e7\u00f6rek \u015feklindeki bir oda olan ITER vakum kab\u0131n\u0131n etraf\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilecek. Kab\u0131n i\u00e7inde hafif atom \u00e7ekirdekleri birle\u015ferek daha a\u011f\u0131r atom \u00e7ekirdekleri olu\u015fturacak. Bu reaksiyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan plazma, m\u0131knat\u0131slar\u0131n manyetik alanlar\u0131yla hapsedilecek ve ortaya muazzam bir enerji \u00e7\u0131kacak. <\/figure>\n

Bu f\u00fczyon reaksiyonunun yak\u0131t\u0131 hidrojenin iki formu olan d\u00f6teryum ve trityum<\/strong> olacak. Bu yak\u0131t tokamak i\u00e7ine bir gaz olarak enjekte edilecektir. Gaz\u0131n i\u00e7inden elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ge\u00e7irildi\u011finde, iyonize bir plazma olu\u015facak. Plazman\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in \u00e7ekirde\u011finden 10 kat daha s\u0131cak olan 150 milyon dereceye kadar<\/strong> \u00e7\u0131kacak. Bu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cak plazmay\u0131 \u015fekillendirmek, s\u0131n\u0131rlamak ve kontrol etmek i\u00e7in ITER tokamak, metal vakum kab\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekline tam olarak uyan g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez bir manyetik kafesle korunmak zorunda.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n manyetik alan\u0131ndan 250.000 kat daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/span> ITER bu dev bobinler i\u00e7in malzeme olarak niyobyum-kalay<\/strong> ve niyobyum-titanyum<\/strong> kullanacak. Bunlara elektrik verildi\u011finde bobinler dev bir m\u0131knat\u0131sa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek. S\u0131v\u0131 helyumla -269<\/strong> santigrat dereceye<\/strong> kadar so\u011futulduklar\u0131nda ise s\u00fcper iletken<\/strong> hale gelecekler. Kullan\u0131lan her bir bobinin boyut 17 metre<\/strong> boyunda ve 9 metre<\/strong> eninde. A\u011fr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ise 360 ton<\/strong>. Toroidal alan bobinleri birlikte, asl\u0131nda tek bir m\u0131knat\u0131s olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak. Esas\u0131nda bu, \u015fimdiye kadar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc m\u0131knat\u0131s <\/strong>olacak. <\/figure>\n

T\u00fcm bunlar bir araya geldi\u011finde ITER’de olu\u015facak plazma ak\u0131m\u0131 15 milyon ampere<\/strong> ula\u015facak. Bu, mevcut ya da daha \u00f6nceki tokamaklarda m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olandan \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc. Manyetik alan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, tasar\u0131m\u0131n toplam manyetik enerjisi ise 41 gigajul<\/strong> olacak. Elbette bu say\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fi i\u00e7in pek bir anlam ifade etmiyor. O y\u00fczden \u015fu bilgiyi vermek yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r: Bu manyetik alan D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n manyetik alan\u0131ndan 250.000 kat daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc<\/strong> olacak.<\/p>\n

ITER ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7 sa\u011flayacak?<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/span> ITER’deki tesis yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 megawatt<\/strong> termal g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcretecek kapasiteye sahip. E\u011fer s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve elektrik \u015febekesine ba\u011flan\u0131rsa, bu yakla\u015f\u0131k 200.000 eve yetecek<\/strong> enerji \u00fcretimi anlam\u0131na geliyor. Ticari bir f\u00fczyon tesisi, 10-15 kat daha fazla elektrik g\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7in biraz daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir plazma odas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyacak. <\/figure>\n

F\u00fczyon nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak?<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/span> Bahsetti\u011fimiz gibi az miktarda d\u00f6teryum ve trityum (hidrojen) gaz\u0131 tokamak ad\u0131 verilen b\u00fcy\u00fck, \u00e7\u00f6rek \u015feklindeki bir vakum odas\u0131na enjekte edilecek. Hidrojen, buluta benzeyen iyonize bir plazma haline gelene kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lacak. Tokamakla entegre dev s\u00fcper iletken m\u0131knat\u0131slar iyonize plazmay\u0131 metal duvarlardan uzak tutarak hapsedecek ve \u015fekillendirecek. Hidrojen plazmas\u0131 150 milyon santigrat dereceye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda – G\u00fcne\u015f’in \u00e7ekirde\u011finden on kat daha s\u0131cak – f\u00fczyon s\u00fcreci meydana gelmeye ba\u015flayacak. <\/figure>\n

F\u00fczyonla \u00fcretilen ultra y\u00fcksek enerjili n\u00f6tronlar manyetik alandan ka\u00e7ar ve metal tokamak odas\u0131n\u0131n duvarlar\u0131na \u00e7arparak enerjilerini \u0131s\u0131 olarak duvarlara iletmeye ba\u015flayacak. Baz\u0131 n\u00f6tronlar metal duvarlardaki lityum ile reaksiyona girerek f\u00fczyon i\u00e7in daha fazla trityum yak\u0131t\u0131 olu\u015fturacak. Tokamak duvarlar\u0131nda dola\u015fan su, \u0131s\u0131narak buhara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek. Ticari bir reakt\u00f6rde, bu buhar elektrik \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in t\u00fcrbinleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar y\u00fczlerce tokamak in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olsa da ITER yanan veya b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kendi kendini \u0131s\u0131tan bir plazma elde etmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ilk proje olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

ITER\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131ndaki bela<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/span> Fransa’da in\u015fa edilmekte olan 20 milyar Avroluk n\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon reakt\u00f6r\u00fc ITER\u2019in ilk plazmas\u0131n\u0131 son olarak 2025 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcretmesi bekleniyordu. Ancak son yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalara g\u00f6re ilk \u00fcretim 10 y\u0131l ertelendi<\/strong>. ITER, 2035\u2019e kadar operasyonlar\u0131na ba\u015flamayacak<\/strong>. B\u00f6yle bir gecikme ITER’in ticari f\u00fczyon projeleri taraf\u0131ndan geride b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olabilir. <\/figure>\n

ITER \u00f6zelindeki fikirler 1985 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar uzansa da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar resmi olarak 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131 ve plazma yaratacak reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta 2020 i\u00e7in planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ancak daha sonra 2025’e ertelendi. \u0130n\u015faat maliyetleri h\u0131zla artm\u0131\u015f, ilk tahminler 2020’de y\u00fczde 300 art\u0131\u015fla 20 milyar Avro’nun \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2Y2CBJIp2j8<\/span><\/p>\n

Kaynak :\u00a0https:\/\/www.donanimhaber.com\/fuzyon-reaktoru-projesi-iter-de-karmasik-miknatis-sistemi-kuruldu–179025<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00dc\u00e7 k\u0131tada yirmi y\u0131l s\u00fcren tasar\u0131m, \u00fcretim, imalat ve montaj\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, tarihi, \u00e7ok uluslu ITER f\u00fczyon enerjisi projesi devasa toroidal bobinlerine kavu\u015ftu. \u0130nan\u0131lma b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki ve son derece karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131daki m\u0131knat\u0131s sistemi, f\u00fczyon …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":59149,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[1429,2633,2484,2634,2261],"class_list":["post-59148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teknoloji","tag-fuzyon","tag-iter","tag-miknatis","tag-plazma","tag-tokamak"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59148"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59148\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":59157,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59148\/revisions\/59157"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/59149"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59148"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59148"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}