{"id":88691,"date":"2025-05-02T21:24:08","date_gmt":"2025-05-02T21:24:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/?p=88691"},"modified":"2025-05-02T21:24:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T21:24:08","slug":"ekonomi-ve-gida-guvenligi-deniz-gecis-noktalarindaki-kirilganlik-risk-altinda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/02\/ekonomi-ve-gida-guvenligi-deniz-gecis-noktalarindaki-kirilganlik-risk-altinda\/","title":{"rendered":"Ekonomi ve g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi deniz ge\u00e7i\u015f noktalar\u0131ndaki k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131k risk alt\u0131nda"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Ticaret ve Kalk\u0131nma Konferans\u0131 (UNCTAD) “Deniz Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 2024 De\u011ferlendirmesi: Deniz Ge\u00e7i\u015f Noktalar\u0131n\u0131n Seyri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 raporunu, bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Rapora g\u00f6re, k\u00fcresel deniz ticareti 2022’deki daralman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan toparlanma e\u011filimine girdi ve 2023’te y\u00fczde 2,4 b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek yakla\u015f\u0131k 12,3 milyon tona ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u0131l ise deniz ticaretinin demir cevheri, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve tah\u0131l gibi d\u00f6kme y\u00fck emtialar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra konteynerle ta\u015f\u0131nan mal talebinin artmas\u0131yla y\u00fczde 2’lik m\u00fctevaz\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme g\u00f6stermesi bekleniyor.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l y\u00fczde 0,3 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen konteyner ticaretinin bu y\u0131l y\u00fczde 3,5 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterece\u011fi tahmin edilirken, UNCTAD’a g\u00f6re bu rakamlar daha derin zorluklar\u0131 maskeliyor. Bu nedenle, k\u00fcresel deniz ticaretinde uzun vadeli b\u00fcy\u00fcme, sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn Ukrayna’daki sava\u015f ve Orta Do\u011fu’da artan jeopolitik gerginlikler gibi devam eden zorluklara nas\u0131l uyum sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olacak.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Rotalar\u0131n uzamas\u0131 y\u00fcksek maliyet ve emisyonlara yol a\u00e7\u0131yor<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyadaki kritik deniz ge\u00e7i\u015f noktalar\u0131 aksamalarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalarak gecikmelere, rota de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine ve daha y\u00fcksek maliyetlere neden oldu.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel ticaretin kritik arterlerini olu\u015fturan Panama ve S\u00fcvey\u015f kanallar\u0131ndaki trafik, 2024 ortas\u0131nda, \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 50’nin \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

Bu gerileme, Panama Kanal\u0131’nda iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kaynakl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck su seviyeleri ve S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131’n\u0131 etkileyen K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n patlak vermesinden kaynakland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Aden K\u00f6rfezi ve S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131’ndan ge\u00e7en gemilerin tonaj\u0131 da s\u0131ras\u0131yla y\u00fczde 76 ve y\u00fczde 70 azald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gemilerin rotalar\u0131n\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz’den \u00dcmit Burnu’na \u00e7evirmesiyle, b\u00f6lgedeki gemi var\u0131\u015flar\u0131 y\u00fczde 89 artt\u0131. Bu durum mal ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olurken, maliyet art\u0131\u015flar\u0131, gecikmeler ve karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

UNCTAD, Uzak Do\u011fu-Avrupa rotas\u0131nda 20-24 bin TEU konteyner gemisinin, S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131 yerine Afrika’y\u0131 dola\u015farak seyahat etti\u011finde, Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nin (AB) Emisyon Ticaret Sistemi kapsam\u0131nda sefer ba\u015f\u0131na 400 bin dolar ek emisyon maliyetine maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesaplad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Daha uzun s\u00fcren rotalar, liman t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na, daha y\u00fcksek yak\u0131t t\u00fcketimi ve m\u00fcrettebat \u00fccretleri, sigorta primleri ve korsanl\u0131k riskine maruz kalma ihtimalinin artmas\u0131na da neden oldu.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l k\u00fcresel ton-mil dengesi y\u00fczde 4,2 artarak maliyet ve emisyonlar\u0131n y\u00fckselmesine yol a\u00e7arken, rotalar\u0131n uzamas\u0131 k\u00fcresel lojistik ve tedarik zincirleri \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n

En k\u00f6t\u00fc etkileri az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler ya\u015f\u0131yor<\/b><\/p>\n

Ya\u015fanan aksakl\u0131klar ve artan maliyetlerden t\u00fcm \u00fclkeler e\u015fit \u015fekilde etkilenmiyor. Geli\u015fmekte Olan K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ada Devletleri (SIDS) ve En Az Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00dclkeler (LDC), en k\u00f6t\u00fc etkileri ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Hesaplamalara g\u00f6re, K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz ve Panama Kanal\u0131’ndaki krizin devam etmesi durumunda k\u00fcresel t\u00fcketici fiyatlar\u0131 2025 sonuna kadar y\u00fczde 0,6 artabilir. SIDS i\u00e7in potansiyel etkinin daha \u015fiddetli olma riski bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Denizcilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin artan etkileri ve di\u011fer aksamalara kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n aciliyetini de vurgulayan UNCTAD’a g\u00f6re, sekt\u00f6rdeki bir di\u011fer acil sorun da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, kirlilik kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ve denizci refah\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatan sahte gemi tescilleri ve bundaki art\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

UNCTAD, denizcilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn artan zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde, kritik ge\u00e7i\u015flerdeki kesintilerin ele al\u0131nmas\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu ve ye\u015fil denizcili\u011fe yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131, liman verimlili\u011fi ve adaptasyonunun art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u00e7 b\u00f6lge ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ve sahte gemi tescillerine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele edilmesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n

“T\u00fcketici kemer s\u0131k\u0131yor, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 bekle-g\u00f6r modunda”<\/b><\/p>\n

UNCTAD Teknoloji ve Lojistik Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Shamika Sirimanne, bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131nda, k\u00fcresel deniz ticaretinin bu y\u0131l y\u00fczde 2 b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini beklediklerini belirterek, 2025-2029 d\u00f6neminde y\u0131ll\u0131k bazda y\u00fczde 2,4 art\u0131\u015f \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini dile getirdi.<\/p>\n

Orta vadedeki bu b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin teknolojik geli\u015fmeler, ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ve deniz ticareti altyap\u0131s\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yat\u0131r\u0131mlara ilginin yeniden canlanmas\u0131yla desteklenece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Sirimanne, “Ancak k\u00fcresel deniz ticaretinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi \u00fczerinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc riskler olduk\u00e7a bask\u0131n. Jeopolitik gerginlikler, s\u00fcregelen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve sava\u015flar, uluslararas\u0131 ticareti olduk\u00e7a olumsuz etkiliyor. Bir\u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli \u00fclke bor\u00e7 y\u00fck\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131yor, y\u00fcksek bor\u00e7lanma maliyetleriyle bo\u011fu\u015fuyor ve d\u0131\u015f \u015foklar\u0131 y\u00f6netmekte zorlan\u0131yor. Gelecek belirsiz oldu\u011funda, biz t\u00fcketiciler olarak kemer s\u0131k\u0131yoruz. Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar ise bekle-g\u00f6r moduna ge\u00e7iyor ve ekonomi ve beraberinde uluslararas\u0131 ticaret de zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcyor” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

UNCTAD Ticaret Lojisti\u011fi Birimi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Jan Hoffmann da kritik deniz ge\u00e7i\u015f noktalar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen sorunlar nedeniyle navlun fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu art\u0131\u015f\u0131n t\u00fcketici fiyatlar\u0131na yans\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, “E\u011fer bu ge\u00e7i\u015f noktalar\u0131ndaki kriz devam eder ve navlun fiyatlar\u0131 y\u00fcksek kalmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrse, t\u00fcketici fiyatlar\u0131 2025 sonuna kadar y\u00fczde 0,6 artabilir. Bu oran SIDS \u00fclkelerinde y\u00fczde 0,9. Yani k\u00fcresel ortalaman\u0131n neredeyse y\u00fczde 50 daha fazlas\u0131” uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Kaynak :\u00a0Bloomberg HT<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Ticaret ve Kalk\u0131nma Konferans\u0131 (UNCTAD), jeopolitik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden kaynaklanan aksamalar\u0131n kritik deniz ge\u00e7i\u015f noktalar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etti\u011fi ve k\u00fcresel ekonomi,\u00a0g\u0131da\u00a0g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve enerji arz\u0131n\u0131n artan risk alt\u0131nda…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":88692,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[338,1165,674,5296,1518],"class_list":["post-88691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","tag-deniz","tag-kuresel","tag-mal","tag-unctad","tag-yuk"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88691","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88691"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88691\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88693,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88691\/revisions\/88693"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/88692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=88691"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekamu.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=88691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}